Pantheon Uploaded Intelligence: From Science Fiction to Future Reality

Introduction

In the recent animated sci-fi series Pantheon, humans achieve “uploaded intelligence” – essentially scanning a person’s brain and uploading their mind into the cloud. This tantalizing idea promises digital immortality, allowing someone to live on as software even after their biological body dies (Pantheon Review: 2022’s Wildest Tech Thriller Is a Cartoon | TIME). Also known more formally as mind uploading, it means emulating an entire human brain on a computer so that the digital copy behaves and feels like the original person (Pantheon Review: 2022’s Wildest Tech Thriller Is a Cartoon | TIME). Once relegated to science fiction, the concept of uploading human-like intelligence into a shared network (“the cloud”) is now a topic of serious discussion in tech and science circles. How close are we to turning this Pantheon-style vision into reality?

In this article, we’ll explore what Pantheon Uploaded Intelligence could mean in practice, the state-of-the-art advancements driving us toward that goal, the formidable scientific challenges that remain, and the ethical and societal questions we must answer. Always rooted in current scientific facts and projections (not wild fantasy), we’ll see where we stand on the journey to uploading a human mind – and how much farther we have to go.

The Vision of Uploaded Intelligence

Uploaded intelligence refers to the hypothetical process of transferring or copying a human mind into a digital substrate. In theory, this would involve scanning all the meaningful information in a person’s brain – neurons, connections (synapses), perhaps even molecular or electrical patterns – and recreating those in a computer system (Mind uploading – Wikipedia) (Mind uploading – Wikipedia). The result would be a software-based consciousness, a digital persona that thinks and responds the way the person did when biologically alive. In Pantheon’s sci-fi narrative, such uploaded minds exist in a shared network and can interact with each other, essentially forming a virtual community of human intelligences freed from physical bodies.

What could this achieve? For one, it implies a form of digital immortality – the uploaded individual could potentially live indefinitely inside computer systems (Pantheon Review: 2022’s Wildest Tech Thriller Is a Cartoon | TIME). The mind could be backed up, copied, or transferred across the internet. It might even be downloaded into robotic bodies or virtual reality avatars, granting experiences beyond normal human limits. Proponents like futurist Ray Kurzweil argue this would allow humanity to transcend biological death and unlock intelligence unbound by our flesh-and-blood brains (The Singularity Is Near: Mind Uploading by 2045? | Live Science). An uploaded mind could think faster (if running on faster hardware), multitask, or exist in multiple copies. In short, achieving uploaded intelligence would be a revolutionary leap – redefining life, death, and what it means to be human.

However, this grand vision immediately raises big questions: Is a digital copy truly “you” or just a replica? (Pantheon Review: 2022’s Wildest Tech Thriller Is a Cartoon | TIME) Would an uploaded mind be conscious in the same way, or is there something about biological brains that a computer simulation can’t capture? And even if it works, what new powers or problems would a society of digital minds create? These questions show why mind uploading remains a speculative concept. To ground the discussion, let’s look at the concrete scientific progress being made toward this vision.

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI)

One pillar supporting the plausibility of uploaded minds is the rapid progress in artificial intelligence. Modern AI systems – especially machine learning models – demonstrate that software can mimic certain facets of human intelligence. In recent years, we’ve seen AI beat humans at complex games, drive cars, and even carry on conversations. For example, large language models like GPT-4 can hold dialogues and answer questions with an uncanny human-like fluency. This suggests that at least some cognitive functions (like reasoning, language, pattern recognition) can be replicated in silicon. AI research has also produced neural networks inspired by the brain’s architecture – networks of artificial “neurons” that learn from data. These networks aren’t copies of any one person’s mind, but they show that intelligent behavior can emerge from simulated neural systems.

AI advancements contribute to the uploaded intelligence goal in a few ways. First, they offer tools and algorithms for simulating brain activity. The field of whole-brain emulation draws on AI and computational neuroscience to model how neurons fire and circuits process information. Large-scale brain simulations are already happening in research: for instance, the Blue Brain Project in Switzerland has modeled parts of a rat’s brain with thousands of neurons running on a supercomputer (Blue Brain Project – Wikipedia). By 2015, Blue Brain had simulated a segment of rat neocortex (about 30,000 neurons) in detail (Blue Brain Project – Wikipedia). While tiny compared to a human brain, it demonstrated that biologically realistic brain models are possible in software. More recently, neuromorphic computing – computer chips designed to function like neural networks – are being developed to run brain-like simulations much faster and more efficiently than general-purpose computers.

Perhaps most striking, AI systems today can even imitate specific individuals in narrow ways: for example, algorithms can clone a person’s voice or writing style, and chatbots can be trained on someone’s communications to respond in their manner. These are primitive forms of “digital persona,” though far from a true mind upload. The takeaway is that the software world is getting better at reproducing intelligent behavior. This progress gives hope that, if we had all the data from a human brain, we might eventually be able to create an AI model of that specific mind. However, having the data from the brain is a colossal challenge of its own – and that’s where neuroscience and brain-computer interfaces come in.

Brain-Computer Interfaces: Bridging Mind and Machine

If uploading a mind requires extracting information from a brain, brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is our growing bridge between minds and machines. BCIs encompass any direct communication pathway between the brain’s signals and an external device (Mind uploading – Wikipedia). Today, most BCIs are being developed for medical purposes – allowing paralyzed or locked-in patients to control computer cursors, robotic limbs, or even regain speech using their brain signals. These technologies are early steps toward reading and writing information in the brain.

Recent breakthroughs in BCI are impressive. In 2022, a Stanford-led team implanted a sensor array in the brain of an ALS patient and successfully decoded her intended speech in real time, translating brain activity into text at a rate of 62 words per minute (Brain implants, software guide speech-disabled person’s intended words to computer screen | News Center) (Brain implants, software guide speech-disabled person’s intended words to computer screen | News Center). This was a record-breaking BCI communication speed, about 3 times faster than previous systems, and it shows how quickly neural decoding is advancing. Likewise, BCIs have enabled patients to control robotic arms with a degree of fluidity, simply by thinking about movement. In another well-known example, Elon Musk’s company Neuralink demonstrated a monkey playing a game of Pong using a wireless brain implant – the monkey moved the paddle with its mind, not a joystick. Neuralink’s devices aim to eventually record from thousands of neurons at once, potentially even writing information back to the brain. Musk has claimed future versions could save and replay memories, essentially downloading memory data from the brain and uploading it later (Dr Adam Rutherford on X: “Absolute balls. This is god-level …). While that claim remains speculative, it underlines the ultimate goal of BCI developers: high-bandwidth, two-way exchange between brains and computers.

So how do BCIs help with mind uploading? In principle, a sufficiently advanced BCI could extract a complete map of brain activity or gradually transfer a mind into a computer. One proposed route to mind uploading is a gradual one: replacing neurons one-by-one with implants that mimic their function, so that a person’s consciousness slowly shifts from biological to digital substrate without a single “jump.” This is very far-future thinking, but current BCIs are the baby steps. They are teaching us how to record finer details of neural signals and how to stimulate the brain safely. However, today’s best interfaces tap maybe a few hundred neurons – a tiny fraction of the ~86 billion neurons in a human brain. To upload an intelligence, we’d need to capture everything: every neuron and the strength of every connection. For that, we look to cutting-edge neuroscience efforts in mapping the brain.

Mapping the Mind: Connectomics and Simulation

Neuroscientists use the term connectome to refer to the complete wiring diagram of a brain – essentially a map of all neurons and their connections. Achieving uploaded intelligence likely means obtaining the connectome (and more) of a human brain, then recreating it in software. How close are we? Scientists have made exciting progress mapping the brains of smaller creatures. In 2014, an open science project called OpenWorm fully mapped the neural network of a tiny roundworm (C. elegans), which has just 302 neurons. They simulated those neurons in software and even loaded that simulation into a simple robot. Amazingly, the robot, powered by the worm’s virtual brain, began to behave like a worm – it moved, navigated, and responded to stimuli without any pre-programmed instructions, essentially driven by the worm’s uploaded neural connections (Scientists Put a Worm Brain in a Lego Robot Body – And It Worked : ScienceAlert) (Scientists Put a Worm Brain in a Lego Robot Body – And It Worked : ScienceAlert). This was a landmark proof-of-concept: a primitive organism’s mind, albeit a simple one, running outside its body.

Encouraged by such results, neuroscientists have moved up the complexity scale. In 2020, researchers completed a full connectome of a fruit fly’s larval brain, mapping 3,016 neurons and ~548,000 synapses (connections) (Scientists Unveil the First-Ever Complete Map of an Adult Fruit Fly’s …). And just in 2023, a team unveiled the first wiring map of an adult fruit fly brain, comprising around 130,000 neurons and tens of millions of synapses (Network statistics of the whole-brain connectome of Drosophila). These projects involve painstakingly imaging ultra-thin slices of the brain with electron microscopes and then reconstructing the neural network. The fruit fly mapping took 12 years and over $40 million of effort for a brain with <0.1% as many neurons as a human’s (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of) (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of). The human brain, by comparison, has about 86 billion neurons and perhaps 100 trillion synapses connecting them – a map vastly larger and more complex than any accomplished to date (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of) (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of). In fact, as one neuroscientist noted, the number of possible connection patterns in a single human brain exceeds the number of atoms in the universe (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of).

Besides mapping structure, scientists are also attempting to simulate brain activity. The European Union’s ambitious Human Brain Project (which included the Blue Brain simulation effort) pushed toward modeling larger brain networks on supercomputers. By 2019, the project had built a software model of a small mammalian brain region (a cortical microcircuit) with 30,000 neurons, replicating millions of synaptic events per second. Other efforts use supercomputers and cloud computing to simulate brain-like networks. Notably, the world’s current fastest supercomputers have just in the last couple of years reached the scale of one exaflop – that is 10^18 operations per second, roughly comparable to the estimated processing capacity of a human brain (Brain-Inspired Computing Can Help Us Create Faster, More Energy-Efficient Devices — If We Win the Race | NIST). In 2022, the Frontier supercomputer in the U.S. achieved 1.1 exaflops, but it consumes 20 megawatts of power to do so (Brain-Inspired Computing Can Help Us Create Faster, More Energy-Efficient Devices — If We Win the Race | NIST). The human brain, by contrast, runs on only about 20 watts – millions of times more efficient (Brain-Inspired Computing Can Help Us Create Faster, More Energy-Efficient Devices — If We Win the Race | NIST). This highlights a key point: we might soon have the raw computing power to attempt a brain-scale simulation, but doing it efficiently (and affordably) is another matter. Moreover, having the computing muscle means nothing if we don’t have an accurate map and understanding of the brain’s inner workings to feed into the simulation.

Overall, current advancements provide glimmers of progress toward mind uploading. We can map tiny brains, simulate pieces of larger brains, and interface with living brains in limited ways. But we remain a long way from scanning and uploading an entire human mind. To better see the gap, let’s consider some of the major challenges scientists face on the road ahead.

Key Challenges Ahead

Achieving Pantheon-style uploaded intelligence will require overcoming extraordinary technical and scientific hurdles. Some of the key challenges include:

• Complete Brain Scanning: We currently have no non-destructive way to scan a human brain at the needed resolution. MRI and other brain imaging can map activity in centimeters or millimeters, but to capture every synapse, we likely need nanometer-scale scanning (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of). That might involve taking the brain apart (as connectomics projects do with thin slicing) – a destructive process. New technologies like advanced microscopy, perhaps using chemical tags or quantum techniques, would be needed to scan a brain in vivo without destroying it. As of now, even preserving a brain’s detailed structure at death (for later scanning) is experimental; e.g. a startup called Nectome has worked on chemically preserving brains, but this is essentially a high-tech form of embalming with future hopes, not a proven path to uploading.
• Data Volume and Computation: The human brain’s data is astronomically large. Storing the connectome (all connections) of one brain could run into many petabytes of data, and that’s not counting the dynamic states (like neurotransmitter levels or electrical activities). Running a real-time simulation of 100 trillion synapses firing in complex patterns would require extreme computing power – likely specialized hardware beyond what we have today. Even if, in theory, one exaflop (10^18 ops) might match a brain’s raw compute, that’s a benchmark for some processing aspects (Brain-Inspired Computing Can Help Us Create Faster, More Energy-Efficient Devices — If We Win the Race | NIST). To truly emulate a brain, we might need even more power or smarter algorithms; some estimates range up to 10^25 operations for full molecular-level simulation of a brain’s activity. Ensuring such simulations run stably, and fast enough to behave like a living mind, is a massive engineering problem.
• Understanding Consciousness and Cognition: A deeper scientific challenge is understanding what consciousness is and how it arises from brain activity. It’s one thing to map neurons and simulate their firing; it’s another to know if the simulated network experiences an inner world, feels like “being you.” Neuroscience still doesn’t have a complete theory of how subjective experience emerges from neural processes. Mind uploading assumes a materialistic view – that if you replicate the brain’s information and computations accurately, the person’s consciousness will follow. Many scientists accept this in principle (The feasibility of mind uploading – SelfAwarePatterns) (The feasibility of mind uploading – SelfAwarePatterns), but it remains an assumption. We won’t truly know until someone (or something) is uploaded and can tell us what it feels like. There’s also the question of which details must be captured: Is the connectome enough, or do we need to model biochemical states, gene expression in neurons, or the glial cells that support neurons? Slight inaccuracies in how we record synapse strengths or neural plasticity could mean the uploaded mind isn’t quite the same person (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of) (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of). In short, we must learn much more about the brain’s inner workings to confidently copy a mind.
• Seamless Transfer (Continuity of Self): Even if we can copy a brain, the process of transferring a person is philosophically tricky. A straightforward “scan and upload” might create a digital copy while the original person’s brain is destroyed or left behind. Would the consciousness in the computer consider itself the same being? Some argue the continuity of self is broken in that scenario – the upload is a duplicate, not a transfer of the original consciousness. Others propose gradual neural replacement or hybrid mind-melding between human and machine to allow a sense of continuous identity. This challenge is as much philosophical as technical, but it will greatly affect how the technology is received. In Pantheon, for example, characters grapple with whether the uploaded version of a loved one is really the same person or essentially a ghostly copy. Solving this “personal identity” problem might not be necessary for the technology to exist, but it is crucial for it to be accepted as more than a fancy simulation.

Each of the above challenges is a massive mountain to climb. Overcoming them will likely take decades of research, if not centuries. Indeed, many experts believe mind uploading, if possible at all, is still extremely distant. Neuroscientist Kenneth Miller noted that preserving and emulating a brain’s full detail may be something “perhaps thousands or even millions of years” in the future, given the enormous complexity involved (The feasibility of mind uploading – SelfAwarePatterns) (The feasibility of mind uploading – SelfAwarePatterns). That may be pessimistic, but it underscores how far current science is from the Pantheon scenario. Even optimists concede that many breakthroughs are needed in brain mapping, computing, and theoretical neuroscience before the first human mind can be digitized.

Ethical and Societal Considerations

Even as researchers chip away at the technical barriers, we must consider the ethical and societal implications of uploaded intelligence. This technology – if it comes to pass – would disrupt many fundamental aspects of society and human life. Some key considerations include:

• Identity and Rights: Is an uploaded mind the same person, with the same rights as a biological human? This question would move from philosophy to practical policy. If John Doe uploads himself, does the digital John Doe have legal personhood? Could they own property, vote, or make contracts? Laws would have to define the status of digital persons. If multiple copies of John are made, are they all “John” with equal claim to his identity? The notion of one human = one body = one identity would be upended.
• Equity and Access: As with many advanced technologies, there’s a risk that mind uploading could be available only to the very wealthy or powerful, at least initially. This could create a deeper divide in society – imagine a class of immortal, super-intelligent elites (those who can afford to be uploaded and enhanced) and a class of ordinary mortals. The economic and power imbalances could be enormous (Related Ficiton) (Related Ficiton). On the other hand, if cheaply available in the far future, it might actually democratize opportunities (allowing anyone to exist in a digital space, free of basic needs). The transition period would likely be fraught with inequality concerns.
• Privacy and Security: A human mind in a computer is essentially data. That raises chilling possibilities – could someone hack your mind? An uploaded intelligence would need strong safeguards to prevent tampering, exploitation, or even copying without consent. The idea of “mind theft” or people being forced to upload is a common dystopian trope. Additionally, what rules govern the data of one’s memories and personality? Could a company like the fictional one in Pantheon own the uploaded minds of its employees as assets (Pantheon creator Craig Silverstein on uploading our brains to the internet) (Pantheon creator Craig Silverstein on uploading our brains to the internet)? These scenarios demand new ethical frameworks and cybersecurity paradigms to protect digital persons.
• Psychological and Social Impact: Living forever as a computer program might sound great, but it could come with psychological challenges. Humans are evolved to live in bodies; an existence as pure data or in a virtual world could affect mental health, sense of reality, and relationships. Would uploaded individuals eventually see biological humans as intellectually slow and irrelevant, or conversely, would they feel isolated without a physical presence? Moreover, if people stop dying (in the traditional sense), society’s entire relationship with life cycles, reproduction, and family may change. We also have to consider the meaning of life – many religious and cultural traditions center on mortality. If “death” becomes optional, moral and spiritual beliefs could be upended (How ‘mind-uploading’ stands to shake the core of humanity – Big Think) (How ‘mind-uploading’ stands to shake the core of humanity – Big Think).
• Malpractice and Misuse: There are also nightmare scenarios to consider. For example, someone could deliberately create a digital copy of a person without their permission (if they somehow obtained a brain scan). In an extreme case, an authoritarian regime or ill-intentioned actor could try to upload captives to interrogate them or make them virtual slaves. While purely speculative right now, these concerns mean that strict ethical guidelines and perhaps international regulations should accompany any development of mind uploading tech. The Pantheon series itself explores some of these dark angles – from corporate exploitation of uploaded minds to the unforeseen consequences when those digital minds gain more power.

In short, uploaded intelligence could be as disruptive socially as the introduction of the internet – or even the discovery of fire – in terms of changing human civilization. Thoughtful consideration of ethics will need to go hand-in-hand with technical research, long before the first human mind is ever copied.

Outlook and Realistic Timeline

Given the staggering challenges, what do experts predict about when (or if) full human mind uploading might happen? Opinions vary widely. Tech visionaries and futurists tend to be more optimistic, while neuroscientists and skeptics urge caution:

• Optimistic Forecasts: Ray Kurzweil, a prominent futurist, famously predicts that by 2045 we will reach a “Singularity” – a moment when AI surpasses human intelligence and technologies like mind uploading become possible. Similarly, the 2045 Initiative founded by tech entrepreneur Dmitry Itskov forecast that within a few decades we could “upload our minds to a computer, transcending the need for a biological body” (The Singularity Is Near: Mind Uploading by 2045? | Live Science). Enthusiasts like these point to exponential advances in computing power (Moore’s Law and beyond) and believe that, as we keep doubling our tech capabilities, the hurdles will fall perhaps sooner than expected. Some have even called mid-century mind uploading a conservative prediction (How ‘mind-uploading’ stands to shake the core of humanity – Big Think) (How ‘mind-uploading’ stands to shake the core of humanity – Big Think), suggesting it might arrive in the late 21st century if not the 2040s.
• Cautious Views: Many scientists working on the brain itself give much longer timelines. As mentioned, some neuroscientists think centuries or more will be required (The feasibility of mind uploading – SelfAwarePatterns) (The feasibility of mind uploading – SelfAwarePatterns). The complexity of the brain is so immense that even mapping it could occupy researchers for generations. We have only just mapped a fly brain after years of work; scaling to humans is not just a matter of bigger budgets, but possibly new science that hasn’t been invented. There’s also a view that we may discover fundamental limits – for example, maybe a perfect scan is impossible due to quantum-level uncertainties, or maybe a simulation needs to include a body and environment to actually develop a mind. These unknowns temper the predictions. As a reality check, ten years ago in 2009, Henry Markram of the Blue Brain Project boldly claimed, “a functional model of the human brain is feasible in 10 years” (Human Brain Could Be Replicated In 10 Years, Researcher Predicts | ScienceDaily). That would have been 2019 – yet as of 2025 we are nowhere near a full human brain simulation. Research has proven harder than anticipated, suggesting that human-level uploading won’t be achieved in the next few decades barring a revolutionary breakthrough.

Taking all this into account, a realistic outlook from today’s standpoint is that Pantheon uploaded intelligence remains a far-off goal. We will likely see many incremental advances on the way: higher-resolution brain maps, AI that more closely imitates human cognition, brain implants that can restore or enhance memory, and maybe partial “digital twins” of aspects of a person (for instance, a chatbot version of someone that gets better with more personal data). These milestones could come in the next 10, 20, 30 years. But the leap to a fully conscious, human-equivalent mind software is not just around the corner. It could happen late in this century if optimistic projections pan out – or it might take much longer, and remain an unresolved quest for generations.

Conclusion

The idea of uploading human minds into a digital Pantheon – a collective intellect in the cloud – is one of the most profound (and disruptive) possibilities humanity has ever envisioned. In 2025, it straddles the line between science fiction and speculative science. On one hand, progress in AI, neuroscience, and computing is steadily bringing aspects of this vision closer to reality. We can now simulate simple brains, interface with our own brains in rudimentary ways, and conceive of how an upload might work in principle. On the other hand, the hurdles are sobering: the brain’s complexity is orders of magnitude beyond what we can handle now, and even the brightest minds admit we have hardly begun to understand what makes “you” you in neurological terms. Moreover, even if technology makes it possible, we will face profound choices about whether we should cross that threshold, and how to do so responsibly.

For now, Pantheon’s uploaded intelligences remain in the realm of fiction and thought experiments. But each year, science is chipping away at the impossible. The first immortal digital humans – if they ever arrive – will owe their existence to the unsung groundwork being laid today in labs and workshops around the world. It may take 50, 100, or 200 years, but the pursuit of uploaded intelligence will continue to push the frontiers of technology and challenge our understanding of ourselves. As we advance, it’s critical that we carry wisdom and ethics alongside knowledge. The journey toward mind uploading is not just about building the future we can achieve, but deciding what kind of future we want to achieve. And that makes it a human endeavor in the deepest sense, no matter how digital it eventually becomes.

Sources:

1. Judy Berman, TIME – Pantheon series and definition of “uploaded intelligence” (Pantheon Review: 2022’s Wildest Tech Thriller Is a Cartoon | TIME).
2. Wikipedia – General concept of mind uploading and its basis in brain emulation (Mind uploading – Wikipedia) (Mind uploading – Wikipedia).
3. Tanya Lewis, LiveScience – Futurist predictions for mind uploading by 2045 (Global Future 2045) (The Singularity Is Near: Mind Uploading by 2045? | Live Science) (The Singularity Is Near: Mind Uploading by 2045? | Live Science).
4. Matt Johnson, Neuroscienceof.com – Brain complexity, connectome size, and fruit fly mapping cost (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of) (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of) (The Neuroscience of Mind Uploading and The Psychology of The Digital Afterlife — Neuroscience Of).
5. Fiona MacDonald, ScienceAlert – OpenWorm project: first uploaded C. elegans brain controlling a Lego robot (Scientists Put a Worm Brain in a Lego Robot Body – And It Worked : ScienceAlert) (Scientists Put a Worm Brain in a Lego Robot Body – And It Worked : ScienceAlert).
6. Advait Madhavan, NIST.gov – Human brain processing power (~1 exaFLOP) vs supercomputer (Frontier) power usage (Brain-Inspired Computing Can Help Us Create Faster, More Energy-Efficient Devices — If We Win the Race | NIST).
7. Georgia Rose, VICE – Interview with neuroscientist Randal Koene on whole brain emulation goal (This Neuroscientist Is Trying to Upload His Entire Brain to a Computer).
8. Stanford University News – Brain-computer interface enabling speech decoding at 62 words per minute (BCI progress) (Brain implants, software guide speech-disabled person’s intended words to computer screen | News Center) (Brain implants, software guide speech-disabled person’s intended words to computer screen | News Center).
9. Kenneth Miller via NY Times (cited in SelfAwarePatterns blog) – Neuroscientist’s view on how far off mind uploading likely is (The feasibility of mind uploading – SelfAwarePatterns) (The feasibility of mind uploading – SelfAwarePatterns).
10. Henry Markram via ScienceDaily – Optimistic (now unmet) prediction of human brain simulation within 10 years (2009) (Human Brain Could Be Replicated In 10 Years, Researcher Predicts | ScienceDaily).